Pakistan has pledged unwavering support to Saudi Arabia, with officials declaring they will defend Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) and Saudi interests "to any extent." This statement comes amid escalating tensions involving Yemen's Houthi rebels, who have launched attacks on Saudi territory and Red Sea shipping. As a nuclear-armed nation, Pakistan's commitment significantly raises the stakes for the Houthis, backed by Iran. The declaration reinforces the longstanding Pakistan-Saudi alliance.

# T. Rex Had a Body Temperature Remarkably Close to Humans

Recent scientific research has revealed that Tyrannosaurus rex maintained a body temperature of approximately 36.3°C, strikingly similar to the human average of 37°C. Scientists determined this by analyzing isotopic compositions in fossilized eggshells and bones. This finding challenges the long-held belief that dinosaurs were cold-blooded like modern reptiles. Instead, T. rex was likely warm-blooded (endothermic), enabling sustained activity, faster metabolism, and dominance as a predator. This discovery reshapes our understanding of dinosaur physiology significantly.

Indian Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi visited Russia for high-level military talks focusing on artillery modernisation and capability development. The discussions aimed to strengthen India-Russia defence cooperation, particularly in procuring advanced artillery systems, ammunition, and upgrading existing military equipment. Both sides explored joint defence production opportunities and technology transfer. The visit underscores India's long-standing defence ties with Russia, as India relies significantly on Russian-origin military hardware. Talks also covered training exchanges and enhancing interoperability between the two forces.

Cuba's Ambassador to India criticized the US for using tariffs as a political tool, stating that such measures undermine free trade and harm developing nations. The envoy emphasized Cuba's opposition to unilateral economic coercion, linking it to the decades-long US embargo on Cuba. He called for multilateral dialogue and fair trade practices. The diplomat also highlighted strengthening India-Cuba bilateral ties in areas like healthcare, biotechnology, and trade, urging cooperation against protectionist policies that disrupt global economic stability.

DMK president M.K. Stalin criticized the ruling AIADMK government, stating that bypolls are being conducted in Tamil Nadu because democracy has died in the state. He alleged that the bypoll elections were necessitated due to the AIADMK's undemocratic practices, including defections and political manipulation. Stalin accused the ruling party of undermining democratic institutions and buying MLAs, leading to vacancies that forced these elections. He urged voters to restore democracy by supporting the DMK and rejecting the ruling government's authoritarian approach.

Surendra Koli, the infamous Nithari serial killer convicted for multiple rapes and murders of women and children in Noida's Nithari village, was executed and cremated. After his cremation, police launched an investigation into his past activities in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, where he had reportedly spent time before the Nithari killings came to light in 2006. Authorities are probing whether Koli was involved in any criminal activities or had connections in the region that may link him to other unsolved cases.

National Security Adviser Ajit Doval shared a dramatic account from his intelligence career, revealing a crisis in Sikkim when Indian agents he was handling were caught by Chinese authorities. Doval, who served in the Intelligence Bureau for decades, recalled fearing his career was finished after the operatives were apprehended across the border. The incident highlighted the high-stakes espionage operations along the India-China frontier during tense times. Doval's candid revelation underscores the personal risks intelligence officers face. Despite this setback, he rose to become India's top security adviser, shaping key national security policies.

The BJP criticized Rahul Gandhi's "Chhatron Ki Goonj" event, calling it political theatre rather than genuine engagement with student issues. BJP spokespersons accused Gandhi of exploiting students' concerns like unemployment and education reforms for political mileage without offering concrete solutions. The Congress-organized event aimed to connect Rahul with youth across campuses. BJP demanded real answers on jobs, exam irregularities, and paper leaks instead of staged interactions, labeling the event a publicity stunt ahead of elections.

Karnataka has secured third position in NITI Aayog's Electric Mobility Index 2025, which evaluates states on EV adoption, charging infrastructure, policy framework, and manufacturing ecosystem. Goa topped the index, followed by Delhi. Karnataka's strong EV policy, incentives for manufacturers, growing charging network, and Bengaluru's significant EV adoption contributed to its ranking. The index aims to encourage states to accelerate clean mobility transitions, reduce emissions, and promote sustainable transportation across India.

Haryana Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini urged the Central government to allocate dedicated funds for promoting natural farming and ensuring water security across the state. During his meeting with Union ministers, Saini highlighted the declining groundwater levels and the need for sustainable agricultural practices. He emphasized that Haryana, being a major agrarian state, requires financial support for crop diversification, organic farming initiatives, and water conservation projects. The CM also sought assistance for building infrastructure like check dams and rainwater harvesting systems to address the growing water crisis in the region.

At an Indore rally, Congress leader Rahul Gandhi criticized the BJP government, claiming "the system has captured the entire country," alleging that institutions like the judiciary, media, and election commission are being controlled. He accused the ruling party of undermining democracy and silencing opposition voices. In response, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav hit back, calling Rahul a "careless politician" who makes irresponsible statements without understanding ground realities. Yadav defended his government's development record.

Starting October 1, LPG consumers must complete biometric Aadhaar authentication to continue receiving subsidies. The Indian government has mandated this to eliminate fake beneficiaries and ensure subsidies reach genuine users. Consumers need to visit their nearest Common Service Centre or designated outlet to verify their identity using Aadhaar-linked biometrics like fingerprints or iris scans. Those who fail to authenticate will not receive the subsidy amount directly into their bank accounts. This move aims to curb fraud and streamline the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system. Consumers are urged to complete verification immediately to avoid disruption in subsidy payments.

A Gurugram court granted bail to an engineer arrested during a labour protest at Manesar industrial area, ruling that raising wage demands does not constitute a criminal offence. The accused was detained for participating in workers' agitation demanding better wages and working conditions. The court observed that peaceful protest and collective bargaining are fundamental rights of workers. The judgment reinforces labour rights, emphasizing that demanding fair compensation through lawful means cannot be criminalized, setting an important precedent for industrial disputes in Haryana's manufacturing hub.

The Indian Air Force's Surya Kiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT) thrilled spectators with a breathtaking air show over Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. The nine-aircraft team, flying HAL HJT-16 Kiran jets, performed stunning formations, loops, rolls, and synchronized maneuvers, painting the sky with colorful smoke trails. The display was part of efforts to boost public awareness about the IAF and inspire youth toward defense careers. Thousands gathered to witness the spectacle, showcasing India's aerial prowess and pilot skill.

At the "Chhatron Ki Goonj" event, Congress leader Rahul Gandhi interacted with university students and criticized the current political system, alleging it fears questioning students and instead promotes "andhbhakts" (blind followers). He accused the BJP-led government of suppressing dissent in educational institutions and stifling critical thinking. Gandhi encouraged students to raise their voices against injustice, unemployment, and paper leak scandals. He also attacked the government over rising inequality and claimed that institutions like universities and media are being controlled to silence opposition voices.