Examine the internal security challenges arising from separatist insurgencies in Pakistan's Balochistan region. Discuss their possible implications for regional stability and India's security environment.

India-Nepal relations have significant potential in hydropower, cross-border connectivity and development cooperation. Examine the opportunities and challenges in strengthening this bilateral partnership.

Extreme heat is emerging as a public health challenge in India, particularly for pregnant women and unborn children. Discuss its implications for maternal and child health and suggest suitable adaptation measures.

India has been a major contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations. Examine the challenges faced by UN peacekeeping missions and suggest measures to improve their effectiveness, safety and accountability.

Examine the ecological and socio-cultural concerns associated with mega-hydropower projects in ecologically sensitive regions such as Arunachal Pradesh. Suggest measures to balance energy development with indigenous community rights and environmental sustainability.

Examine the challenges of preventing nuclear proliferation in West Asia. Discuss the role of international institutions and diplomatic negotiations in maintaining regional and global security.

Examine the challenges involved in negotiating a durable peace settlement in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Discuss the importance of security guarantees and European participation in the peace process.

Examine the role of ethanol blending in India's energy transition. Discuss the challenges associated with fuel quality regulation, vehicle compatibility and consumer protection under the E20 programme.

Examine the role of state-level innovation ecosystems in strengthening India's knowledge economy. Discuss the importance of infrastructure, skilled human resources and research institutions in attracting technology investments.

Examine how industrial robotics has emerged as a strategic technology in the global economy. Discuss the implications of national security-based investment screening for international technology trade and India's technological ambitions.

Examine the role of state-level industrial policies in promoting regional industrialisation and employment generation. What measures are necessary to ensure that investment incentives lead to sustainable and inclusive development?

Discuss the role of constitutional safeguards, cultural preservation and education in strengthening tribal communities in India. Suggest measures for their inclusive and sustainable development.

Explain the geological factors responsible for the high seismic vulnerability of the Himalayan region. Discuss the measures required to strengthen earthquake preparedness in the Himalayan states and adjoining regions.

Discuss the legal and diplomatic challenges involved in extradition requests between India and Bangladesh. How can India balance treaty obligations, judicial safeguards and bilateral relations?

Examine the ethical, legal and regulatory challenges arising from the deployment of generative AI tools in educational institutions. Suggest measures to ensure child safety and responsible AI governance.

Examine the significance of the creamy layer principle in ensuring equitable distribution of reservation benefits among Other Backward Classes (OBCs). Discuss the implications of applying judicial rulings on creamy layer criteria prospectively.

Explain the concept of progressive taxation and bracket creep. Examine how inflation-linked adjustments in tax brackets and standard deductions can influence household disposable income and fiscal policy.

Discuss the significance of institutional science and technology advisory mechanisms in policymaking. How can governments ensure responsible development and deployment of Artificial Intelligence?

Examine the constitutional safeguards available to tribal communities against exploitation and displacement. Discuss the role of administrative accountability and institutional mechanisms in protecting tribal rights.

Human-wildlife conflict poses challenges to wildlife conservation as well as rural livelihoods. Examine its major causes and discuss measures to promote coexistence between local communities and wildlife in India.