On December 2004, tsumani brought havoc on 14 countries including India. Discuss the factors responsible for occurrence of Tsunami and its effects on life and economy. In the light of guidelines of NDMA (2010) describe the mechanisms for preparedness to reduce the risk during such events.

Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing ‘Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)’. How is this framework different from ‘Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005’?

Disaster preparedness is the first step in any disaster management process. Explain how hazard zonation mapping will help disaster mitigation in the case of landslides.

Vulnerability is an essential element for defining disaster impacts and its threat to people. How and in what ways can vulnerability to disasters be characterized? Discuss different types of vulnerability with reference to disasters.

Discuss the recent measures initiated in disaster management by the Government of India departing from the earlier reactive approach.

भारत के तटीय क्षेत्रों में उष्णकटिबंधीय चक्रवातों के प्रभाव को कम करने में पूर्व चेतावनी प्रणाली और आपदा तैयारी की भूमिका पर चर्चा कीजिए।

“Discuss the key challenges in managing chemical disasters and suggest measures to strengthen preparedness and emergency response.”

Describe the various causes and the effects of landslides. Mention the important components of the National Landslide Risk Management Strategy.

Discuss about the vulnerability of India to earthquake related hazards. Give examples including the salient features of major disasters caused by earthquakes in different parts of India during the last three decades.

Industrial and transportation accidents involving hazardous materials highlight the need for stronger disaster preparedness. Examine the causes of such accidents and suggest measures to improve safety and emergency response.

Crowd management and disaster preparedness are essential for preventing stampedes during mass gatherings. Discuss the challenges and suggest measures to improve crowd safety in India. 

What are the major challenges in crowd management during mass gatherings in India? Discuss the measures required to prevent stampedes and improve disaster preparedness. 

Explain the causes and impacts of major earthquakes. Discuss the measures required to improve tsunami preparedness and disaster management.

“Earthquakes occurring along tectonically active coastal regions can trigger cascading disasters, including tsunamis.” Explain the factors responsible for tsunami generation and discuss the measures required to reduce earthquake-related risks.

बाढ़ जैसी प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के प्रभावी प्रबंधन में जिला प्रशासन की भूमिका का विश्लेषण कीजिए। आपदा प्रबंधन में सक्रिय नेतृत्व और जवाबदेही का क्या महत्व है?

Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India. What are the available coastal management techniques for combating the hazard?

Explain the mechanism and occurrence of cloudburst in the context of the Indian subcontinent. Discuss two recent examples.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one metre by AD 2100. What would be its impact in India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region?

Dam failures are always catastrophic, especially on the downstream side, resulting in a colossal loss of life and property. Analyze the various causes of dam failures. Give two examples of large dam failures.

Flooding in urban areas is an emerging climate-induced disaster. Discuss the causes of this disaster. Mention the features of two such major floods in the last two decades in India. Describe the policies and frameworks in India that aim at tackling such floods.