Q 1.

With reference to semiconductor geopolitics and export controls, consider the following statements:

1. Advanced graphics processing units (GPUs) are important for training large artificial intelligence models because of their parallel computing capabilities.
2. Export controls on advanced semiconductors can be used as instruments of national security and strategic technology policy.
3. The United States can exercise jurisdiction over every semiconductor manufactured anywhere in the world solely because Nvidia is a US-based company.
4. Restrictions on access to advanced computing hardware may encourage countries to develop domestic semiconductor manufacturing and alternative supply chains.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?