Q 1.

With reference to the measurement of poverty in India and international poverty estimates, consider the following statements:

1. The World Bank’s international poverty line is designed to facilitate comparisons of extreme poverty across countries using purchasing power parity (PPP).
2. A person moving above the international extreme poverty line necessarily moves above India’s national poverty line.
3. Multidimensional poverty measures may capture deprivations in health, education and living standards that are not reflected in income-based poverty estimates.
4. A decline in the poverty headcount ratio necessarily implies a decline in the absolute number of people living in poverty.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?