“Women as a class neither belong to a minority group nor are they regarded as forming a backward class.” In the light of this statement, discuss the evolution of women’s reservation from local bodies to Parliament.

Right to privacy relating to self-identity is very dear to every human being and well protected under Article 21 of the Constitution. In this context, examine the effect of the amendment in 2026, to the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019.

Evaluate the impact of globalization on Indian youths with reference to social, political, economic and cultural spheres. 

Critically examine the challenges of demographic transition in contemporary India.

Is caste disappearing in urban India? Illustrate your answer with examples.

Analyze the major drivers of human-induced land-use changes in India and their geographical consequences.

"The centre of global trade is gradually shifting from the Atlantic region to the Indo-Pacific region." Examine this statement.

Analyze the role of satellite-based technologies in achieving climate-smart agriculture and food security in India.

Compare the Loo, Chinook and Foehn winds with respect to their regions of prevalence, their nature and climatic impacts.

The model of planned economy was adopted in India to address the regional imbalances left behind by colonial rule. Comment.

Linguistic reorganization of Indian States was driven by popular pressure from below. Comment.

Vijayanagara architecture exemplifies the amalgamation of past traditions with contemporary practices. Elucidate with examples.

Do you think digital technology promotes social empowerment? Explain with examples.

How do you understand disability? Substantiate the need for inclusive policy framework in India in this regard.

Unity in diversity remains the defining feature of Indian society despite the challenges from communalism and regionalism. Comment.

"Water resources are both an asset and a source of conflict in South Asia." Examine this statement giving examples.

Discuss the role of aeolian processes in desertification and land degradation.

"Tundra regions are ecologically fragile but economically important." Examine this statement critically.

What is the Fujiwhara effect? Explain its impact on the movement and intensity of tropical cyclones.

The significance of the Gandhian movements lay in the masses they mobilized. Elucidate.