Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread.

Discuss the natural resource potentials of ‘Deccan Trap’.

Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone-prone areas given by India Meteorological Department.

Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks.

Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons.

Why did the armies of the British East India Company – mostly comprising of Indian soldiers – win consistently against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the then Indian rulers? Give reasons.

How will you explain that medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days?

India's maritime security requires effective surveillance and defence capabilities in coastal waters. Examine the strategic importance of Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft and the role of indigenous shipbuilding in strengthening India's maritime security. (150 words Marks: 10)

Rising inflation often compels central banks to tighten monetary policy, but higher interest rates can also slow economic growth. Examine this trade-off in the Indian context, with reference to the Reserve Bank of India's inflation-targeting framework.

(150 words Marks: 10)

The expansion of digital payment systems in India has strengthened financial inclusion but has also created new cybersecurity challenges. In the context of the ‘Jumped Deposit Scam’, examine the major challenges associated with digital payment security and suggest suitable measures to address them. Word Limit: 150 words Marks: 10

भारत में डिजिटल शिक्षा प्लेटफॉर्म सामाजिक और शैक्षिक असमानताओं को कम करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभा सकते हैं। SWAYAM के संदर्भ में उनकी संभावनाओं और चुनौतियों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।

शब्द सीमा: 150 शब्द अंक: 10

Rights issues provide companies with an alternative means of raising equity capital. Examine their significance, benefits and limitations for companies and existing shareholders, with reference to India's capital market. (150 words, 10 marks)

Advances in neuroscience and medical technology offer new possibilities for treating diseases, but unequal access to healthcare may limit their social benefits. Discuss the opportunities and challenges of emerging medical technologies in India. (150 words, 10 marks)

The conflict in Yemen has implications beyond its national borders, affecting regional security, international trade and civilian infrastructure. Examine the geopolitical significance of the Houthi movement and suggest measures to promote stability in the region. (150 words, 10 marks)

“Public confidence in the judiciary is essential for the legitimacy of constitutional democracy.” Discuss the role of judicial independence, access to justice and accountability in strengthening public trust in India’s judicial system. (150 words, 10 marks)

Himalayan floods highlight the vulnerability of mountain communities and infrastructure to extreme hydrometeorological events. Examine the major causes and consequences of such disasters and suggest measures for strengthening disaster resilience in the Himalayan region. (150 words, 10 marks)

The Israel–Iran conflict highlights the complex relationship between regional security, great-power involvement and international accountability. Examine its implications for peace and stability in West Asia. (150 words, 10 marks)

Scientific progress is often the outcome of collective effort, whereas prestigious awards recognise only a limited number of individuals. Examine the implications of this gap for scientific recognition, research collaboration and innovation. (150 words, 10 marks)

“The right to protest is the lifeblood of a democracy, yet it cannot be exercised at the cost of public order.” In the light of recent judicial interventions in protests in the national capital, examine the role of the Supreme Court in balancing the right to dissent with the State’s duty to maintain law and order.

The regulation of public protests requires a balance between the protection of fundamental rights and the maintenance of public order. Discuss the constitutional safeguards governing peaceful protests and preventive police action in India. (150 words, 10 marks)