Examine the strategic significance of Japan’s growing engagement with Bangladesh and the Bay of Bengal region. How can India benefit from regional connectivity initiatives in this area?

Cross-border terrorism and tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan pose significant challenges to regional peace and security. Discuss the major causes of these tensions and suggest measures to promote stability.

The growing use of Buy Now, Pay Later services reflects the expansion of digital credit but also raises concerns about consumer protection and household indebtedness. Discuss.

Discuss the significance of the 13th Amendment to the Sri Lankan Constitution for India–Sri Lanka relations. How can India support the political aspirations of Sri Lankan Tamils while respecting Sri Lanka’s sovereignty?

Discuss the potential economic implications of the 8th Central Pay Commission for government finances, consumption demand and fiscal management in India.

What are the major challenges in crowd management during mass gatherings in India? Discuss the measures required to prevent stampedes and improve disaster preparedness. 

“Welfare schemes must balance social inclusion with the protection of livelihoods.” Discuss this statement in the context of Tamil Nadu’s Vettri Payanam scheme.

“The Russia-Ukraine conflict has reshaped global energy trade, creating both opportunities and challenges for India.” Discuss with reference to India's role in refining and exporting petroleum products.

“Geopolitical tensions between neighbouring countries can have significant economic consequences beyond the immediate security domain.” Discuss with reference to India–Pakistan airspace restrictions.

“Geographical accessibility of courts is an important component of access to justice in India.” Discuss the significance of establishing permanent High Court benches in remote regions such as Ladakh.

“The right to peaceful protest is an essential component of democracy, but it is subject to reasonable constitutional restrictions.” Discuss in the light of the role of the judiciary in protecting fundamental rights.

“India’s Gaganyaan Mission represents an important step towards technological self-reliance and advanced space exploration.” Discuss its objectives, significance and major challenges.

“Delays in deciding disqualification petitions under the Tenth Schedule undermine the objectives of the Anti-Defection Law.” Discuss the role of the Speaker and the judiciary in ensuring timely decisions.

“Delays in deciding disqualification petitions under the Tenth Schedule undermine the objectives of the Anti-Defection Law.” Discuss the role of the Speaker and the judiciary in ensuring timely decisions.

“Access to justice is an essential component of the rule of law. Discuss how judicial infrastructure and decentralisation can improve justice delivery in India.”

“Cross-border infrastructure projects are not merely instruments of economic development but can also serve broader geopolitical objectives.” Discuss with reference to China–North Korea relations.

“Affordable access to essential medicines is a crucial component of universal health coverage.” Discuss the role of pharmaceutical price regulation in India.

“Agricultural research and technological innovation are essential for improving the productivity and sustainability of India's plantation sector.” Discuss.

“The protection of human rights and accountability under international law are essential for achieving lasting peace.” Discuss in the context of the 2026 Nobel Peace Prize.

How do international economic sanctions affect India's energy security and strategic autonomy? Discuss with reference to the Russia–Ukraine conflict.