“Explain the mechanism of the Southwest and Northeast Monsoons in India. Discuss their significance for agriculture, water resources and disaster management.”

Drone-based arms smuggling across the India–Pakistan border poses a growing challenge to India’s internal security. Discuss the key challenges and suggest measures to strengthen border management.

Discuss the significance of a proposed India–US trade agreement for India's economic growth and bilateral relations. What are the major challenges in concluding such an agreement?

“Freedom of the press is an essential pillar of democracy, but journalists may face challenges while exercising this freedom.” Discuss the constitutional safeguards for press freedom in India and examine the role of the judiciary in protecting journalists.

What challenges do divergent national interests pose to the effectiveness of multilateral institutions such as the G20? Suggest measures to strengthen global cooperation.

Discuss the economic implications of international migration for destination countries and countries of origin, with reference to India–UK migration. 

Discuss the significance of India's participation in international ocean-science initiatives for marine research, disaster preparedness and sustainable ocean governance.

Explain the mechanism of the withdrawal of the Southwest Monsoon and discuss its significance for India's agriculture and water resources.

“Long-range precision strikes are changing the nature of modern warfare by targeting military assets far behind the front line.” Discuss with reference to the Russia–Ukraine war.

“Escalating tensions between the United States and Iran have implications for regional stability, global energy security and international diplomacy.” Discuss.

“Attacks on critical energy infrastructure in West Asia can have consequences far beyond the immediate conflict zone.” Discuss with reference to global oil markets and India’s energy security.

“India’s trade agreements must promote export competitiveness while safeguarding domestic economic interests.” Discuss with reference to the India–US trade pact.

“Regulation of digital payment costs must balance the sustainability of payment infrastructure with financial inclusion and investor protection.” Discuss in the context of proposed UPI charges for stock-market transactions.

“Persistent inflation combined with a low-hire, low-fire labour market creates a dilemma for monetary policymakers.” Discuss with reference to the US Federal Reserve.

“Balancing energy security and climate goals is essential for developing countries.” Discuss in the context of the debate over World Bank financing for oil and gas projects.

बाढ़ जैसी प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के प्रभावी प्रबंधन में जिला प्रशासन की भूमिका का विश्लेषण कीजिए। आपदा प्रबंधन में सक्रिय नेतृत्व और जवाबदेही का क्या महत्व है?

लोकतांत्रिक शासन में शांतिपूर्ण विरोध-प्रदर्शन के अधिकार और सार्वजनिक व्यवस्था तथा व्यापारियों के आर्थिक हितों के बीच संतुलन कैसे स्थापित किया जाना चाहिए? संवैधानिक प्रावधानों के संदर्भ में चर्चा कीजिए।

Examine the economic and strategic significance of the proposed India–US trade agreement. What challenges could affect its finalisation and implementation?

Discuss the significance of stricter vehicle emission standards in addressing air pollution in India. Examine the challenges associated with implementing the proposed BS-VII norms.

“Integrity in defence procurement is essential not only for public accountability but also for national security.” Discuss the challenges associated with corruption in defence contracts and suggest measures to address them.